Mid-ocean ridges are vast underwater mountain ranges forged by the relentless movement of tectonic plates. Spanning thousands of kilometers beneath the ocean's surface, these ridges are birthplaces of volcanic activity and hydrothermal vents. Here, the Earth's crust is perpetually renewed as molten magma wells up from deep within the mantle, solidifying into fresh crust upon contact with seawater. This process, known as seafloor spreading, not only reshapes our planet's geography but also offers a window into the intricate workings of plate tectonics. Beyond their geological significance, mid-ocean ridges harbor unique ecosystems adapted to the harsh conditions of their volcanic surroundings, providing scientists with invaluable insights into the evolution of Earth's geology and the origins of life in extreme environments.
Title : Geotechnical ground investigation
Myint Win Bo, Toronto Metropolitan University , Canada
Title : Simultaneous Global Climate Change "Heat Waves" and microwave and radio-wave from Solar Flares
Shozo Yanagida, Osaka University, Japan
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Leonid Anisimov, Volgograd State University, Russian Federation
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Oscar Andres Cuanalo Campos, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Mexico
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Martina Gaglioti, LIPU, Italy
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Ali Almohammed, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, India