The study of the mechanical behavior of subsurface sedimentary layers and formed rocks is known as rock mechanics. The basic premise is that rock simply changes volume or form in response to stress. Strain is defined as a change in the volume or form of a rock as a result of applied stress. Compressive stress (+) or tensile stress (-) can cause three stages of strain deformation in rocks. Rock mechanics is a well-established subject that is used to characterize reservoirs on a regular basis. The goal of rock mechanics is to figure out how and why rocks deform, whether sporadically or catastrophically. It's frequently used in civil and geological engineering, mining, drilling, and traditional reservoir geohazard assessment. Rock mechanics became more significant during the unconventional resource shale boom, especially in horizontal well hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling.
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