Hydrogeology, Glaciology and Oceanography

The science of the occurrence, distribution and transport of water beneath the Earth's surface is known as hydrogeology. The study of water movement in the subsurface geologic environment is known as hydrogeology. Hydrogeology also entails investigating the transport and fate of contaminants that penetrate the subsurface environment, as well as analyzing water chemistry changes along a subsurface flow path. Hydrogeology is one of the most rapidly developing geoscience topics. The constant need for drinking, mineral, and thermal water is, first and foremost, the reason for the dynamics of growth and improvement of incredibly many and various ways of hydrogeology. Glaciers are a prominent topic of climate change research. The scientific subject of glaciology is concerned with all elements of ice on landmasses. It examines the structure and properties of glacier ice, as well as its production and distribution, ice flow dynamics, and ice accumulation-climate interactions. The glaciological study is carried out using a range of techniques. Radar sounding is used to study the internal structure of glaciers, and the deformation of vertical boreholes or lateral tunnels bored into the ice is used to monitor glacier movement. Oceanography is a science that studies all aspects of the world's oceans and seas, including their physical and chemical characteristics, their origin and geologic framework, and the living forms that live in them. Oceanography, often known as oceanology, is the study of the oceans from a scientific standpoint. Ecosystem dynamics, ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and the geology of the seafloor; and fluxes of diverse chemical compounds and physical qualities inside the ocean and across its limits are all issues covered by this essential Earth science field.

• Hydrological Sciences
• Surface And Groundwater Hydrology
• Hydrometeorology
• Hydrogeology
• Hydrogeophysics
• Interactions Between Ice, Snow, and Atmosphere
• Oceanic And Subglacial Environment
• Ice Accumulation
• Glacier Melting
• Physical Oceanography
• Chemical Oceanography
• Marine Geology
• Marine Ecology