Mineralogy is a branch of geology that studies the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical properties (including optical qualities) of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Mineralogy investigates the processes of mineral genesis and formation, mineral categorization, geographical distribution, and utilization. A mineral is a naturally occurring, homogenous solid with well-defined chemical composition and well-ordered atomic structure. A homogeneous substance is one that can be broken down into identical repeating units. A mineral cannot be a liquid or a gas by definition. Minerals have long been a significant component of human culture, dating back to prehistoric times. Minerals such as quartz were used to carve tools by early humans. A mineral's chemical composition is definite, meaning it always contains the same ratio of elements, and this composition may be represented using a chemical formula. A mineral's atoms are grouped in a crystal lattice structure, which is highly ordered. Mining usable minerals from ores became common hundreds of years ago, and it is still practiced today.
Title : Sustainable ocean: Blueprint for the planet
Dorrik Stow Frse, Heriot Watt University, United Kingdom
Title : How subsurface waters record the earth’s history
Leonid Anisimov, Volgograd State University, Russian Federation
Title : Climate change is caused by radio emission of solar flares: molecular modeling validation based on density functional theory
Shozo Yanagida, Osaka University, Japan
Title : Geo-information for Conservation Strategy of Archaeological Heritages in an Alluvial Terrain (Bangladesh) in the Context of Climate Change
Khorshed Alam, Formerly Geological Survey of Bangladesh, Bangladesh
Title : Geomorphic evidence of the tectonic delamination of the upper crust in central tien shan
Alexander Strom, Chief Expert from Geodynamics Research Centre, Russian Federation
Title : A Laboratory Study on the geohydraulic Properties of Sand under Saline Water Submergence
Sudip Basack, Elitte College of Engineering, India