Contact metamorphism is a geological process where rocks are altered by direct contact with magma or lava. This metamorphic transformation occurs due to the high temperature and chemical changes induced by the nearby molten rock. Unlike regional metamorphism, which is driven by pressure and heat over large areas, contact metamorphism affects rocks in localized zones around igneous intrusions. The intensity and extent of alteration depend on factors like the composition of the intruding magma and the thermal conductivity of the surrounding rocks. This process commonly produces characteristic mineral assemblages like hornfels, which are formed under high temperatures but relatively low pressures. Contact metamorphism provides valuable insights into the geological history of a region, revealing past volcanic activities and thermal events.
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